Summary of B.F. Skinner and Piaget - 1045 Words

B.F. Skinner’s Concept of Verbal Behavior One of the most influential members of the behaviorist movement, as well as among psychologists who study human development was B.F. Skinner (Diessner, 2008, p. 134). Skinner was notable for his description of the acquisition of new behavior through the use of reinenforcement and punishment called operant conditioning (Diessner, 2008). Skinner also contributed his behaviorist explanation of language development through his concept of verbal behavior (Diessner, 2008). To Skinner verbal behavior is basically a behavior which is â€Å"reinenforced through the mediation of others† (Skinner, 1957, p. 2) and ultimately the speaker by applying controlling variables of operant conditioning principles (Burk,†¦show more content†¦An explanation of this can be since in the preoperational stage a child’s ideas are based on their perceptions and only focus on one variable at a time, like the smaller containers of liquid (Moon ey, 2000). In the second stage of â€Å"Intermediary Reactions† which would be the transition between the preoperational stage and the concrete operational stage, behaviors not displayed by all children was noted (Diessner, 2008). First, some children were able to assume that the quantity of liquid would not change when poured from the one tall beaker into the two smaller glasses, but when more glasses were introduced the child went back to the prior stage belief of nonconservation (Diessner, 2008). Another reaction to the experiment was that the child accepted the concept of conservation but as soon as the quantity was greater the child became uncertain (Diessner, 2008). An explanation for these reactions can be that as the child transitions from preoperational to concrete operational stage their ideas of reasoning are still developing (Mooney, 2000). Finally in stage 3 â€Å"Necessary Conservation† corresponds to Piaget’s concrete operational stage of cognitiv e development (Diessner, 2008). In this group children recognized that the quantities of liquid are conserved and the nature of its changesShow MoreRelatedBehavioral Learning Child Development Observation1597 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavioral learning theory. As summary of notes and conclusions regarding the observation is provided following the theoretical discussions. Behavioral learning. John B. Watson did much of the seminal work on the behavioral model of child development. One of the most enduring of Watsons contributions was the introduction of empirical research approaches albeit based on the natural sciences that relied on observation and measurement of childrens behavior. B.F. Skinner based his version of behaviorismRead MoreCognitive Theory And Behavioral Theory Essay957 Words   |  4 Pagesby themselves and that environmental factors start to influence development at that point forward through the process. The first five years are very crucial to a child and many milestones are achieved. Piaget is known as one of the early primary contributors to cognitive development theory. Piaget theorized cognition developed in four different stages through childhood. He based his theory off of observation analysis of subjects. The four stages that he defined were sensorimotor stage, preoperationalRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in Language Development1678 Words   |  7 Pageswas based on an association between sense impressions and an impulse to action * structure the environment to ensure certain stimuli that would ‘produce’ learning 5. Psychologist B.F. Skinner (behaviorism or associationism) 3 needs for language formation: * time * opportunity * computing power Skinner further explains that learning is the production of desired behaviors without any influence of mental processes. Programmed learning is positive reinforcement for â€Å"correct† responses LetRead MoreBenefits And Limitations Of A Physical Education Learning Theory1351 Words   |  6 Pagesso, the selected learning theory will be compared and contrasted with basic learning theories and concepts. Firstly, the selected learning theory will be outlined. Secondly, this paper will discuss behaviourist approach to learning. Finally, to summaries this paper, the reader will get a greater understanding ofbehaviourist approach to learning.To put this discussion into context there now follows a definition of learning and a brief description of the behaviourist theory. Learning can be definedRead MoreRaising Children Essay2293 Words   |  10 Pagesthey include Pavlov, Skinner, Vygotsky, Piaget, Erikson, Freud and Maslow. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SHAPED BY BIOLOGY AND EXPERIENCE The first core concept suggested by the web article depicts human development forming from the interplay of an individual’s biology and experience. Early scientists in this particular field created testable hypotheses to understand the dynamic interaction between the nature-nurture phenomenon. Nobel Prize winner Ivan Pavlov’s and North American scientist B.F. Skinner’s researchRead MoreLearning Theories Essay6222 Words   |  25 Pagestheory with the Constructivist view of learning, this label will become self-evident. Also in contrast to Constructivism, it has been labelled an objectivist theory of learning.    Theorists associated with Behaviorism: J.B Watson E. L Thorndike B.F Skinner    A Description of Behaviorism: The concern or emphasis of Behaviorism is observable indicators that learning is taking place. Contrasting this view of learning is the emphasis of cognitive psychologists who equate learning with the mental processesRead MoreHuman Development Is The Roots Of Work Essay2284 Words   |  10 Pageswhich emphasize, clarify, and articulate important developmental issues. and the topic. briefly describes your topics, (development involves both gain and loss) Thomas, J. E. (2015) states developmental psychology is the roots of work of B.F. Skinner, Jean Piaget, and Erik Erikson, who spread theories of behaviorism, constructivism, and psychosocial development. The most recent developments in learning theory are multiple intelligences, a theory that attempts to explain the ways in which differentRead MoreFactors Affecting Motivation to Learn English25117 Words   |  101 PagesEnglish Proficiency 5.2.8 Objective (vii) 5.2.9 Objective (viii) 5.2.9.1 Perception and Parental Influence 5.2.9.2 Perception and Peer Influence 5.2.9.3 Perception and Teacher Influence 5.2.9.4 5.3 5.4 Perception and Attitude Overview of the Study Summary of Findings 5.4.1 Objective (i) 5.4.2 Objective (ii) 5.4.3 Objective (iii) 5.4.4 Objective (iv) 5.4.5 Objective (v) 5.4.6 Objective (vi) 5.4.7 Objective (vii) 5.4.8 Objective (viii) \ 5.5 Implications of Study 5.6 Recommendations based on the Findings Read MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagesto understand cognitive processes. Exercises 1. Fill in the chart below. |School of Thought |Important Theorist(s) |Main Ideas | |Behaviorism |B.F Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, James B. |-Organisms repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes; | | |Watson |Freewill is just an illusion. | | | Read MoreAssignment 1 – Understanding Development and Supporting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion9386 Words   |  38 Pagescurrent practice 1. There are so many different theories regarding early childhood education and what is most important for a young child to learn. There are as many different educational theories and schools as there are psychologists. Jean Piaget, Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, Frederick Froebel, Rudolf Steiner (Waldorf), Loris Malaguzzi (Reggio Emilia approach) have studied and established different modes of learning for the young child. Its important to understand

Management Policy and Strategy Free Essays

Unit 1 Learning Journal Kaplan University MT460: Management Policy and Strategy Professor Wendy Finlay November 12, 2012 Strategic management gives a business the opportunity to produce the best strategy to be more proactive in creating its future by influencing activities to control the direction of the company. The benefits of strategic management is that it helps provide a framework for the organization because the business is able form better strategies in areas of research, development, marketing, sales and financial aspects. Businesses are able to ensure that these practices are strategically managed to mprove both productivity and revenues in the company so that the company is successful. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Policy and Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to this process, business can benefit from improvements in sales, profits, and productivity. Other benefits of strategic management include awareness of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for opportunity of improvement were necessary. In addition, the company benefits because they are able to develop advancement in understanding strategies of the competitor, reduce resistance to change and enhance in problem prevention capabilities. Overall, the most important enefit of strategic management is to assist the company to form better strategies by utilizing a process that has a more systematic and logical approach to strategic choices. There are many risk associated with strategic management due to the unforeseen circumstances that can occur when processes and procedures are implemented in the company. Managing strategically in business can be both difficult and messy; in addition it can require a considerable amount of work. It also can place a new set of demands on e mployees that they were not expecting o oversee in their daily activities this can impact their daily responsibilities. Due to these aspects, some of the risks in strategic management are that it can be very expensive and time consuming to plan. Strategic management is also risky because it can expose conflicts within the company in the areas of decision making and can cause current operational issues because long term planning decisions. Strategic management has many risks as well as the fear of failure, once a completed plan is established by the company it can limit both the choices and activities of the business in the future. How to cite Management Policy and Strategy, Essay examples

Redeemable Preference Shares Holder †Free Samples for Students

Question: What Is the Redeemable Preference Shares Holder? Answer: Introducation The constitution consists of: Law which comprises of the Corporations Act 2001. Seal is the common seal that is used by a Company. Members include those persons, whether one or two or even more, who are involved in the business related activities of a company. Directors mean those people involved extensively in the management and control of the company. They take all the important decisions required to achieve the objectives of a company. Representative signifies the person who has been appointed under the Section 250D of the Law in the form of a representative for the company. Secretary is a person who performs for the company different secretarial duties Inspection of the Records All of the companies need to make sure that all the records and documents required by the law have been kept and maintained. All such important documents need to be present for a certain time period in the companys registered office. According to the Section 314 and Section 316 of the Constitution or the Law, the above mentioned documents have to be sent to all everyone who has been involved with the company. The Directors of the company have to decide to what extent the records and documents need to be made available to the people who are involved with the company. All such necessary records and documents are to be made available to the members and employees who have been associated with the company; instead it needs to be provided to only those specific people for a limited time period in order to maintain confidentiality. If one wishes to check the records or documents, the Director has to approve of it beforehand, failing which the employees and the members will not be allowed to have access to the documents. Directors need to be involved in maintaining the minutes of: All the resolutions that the members concerned have passed without holding a meeting. All declarations need to be made by the directors even if there happens to be only one Director. After the meetings of the Directors all the proceedings and the resolutions are to be declared. All the meetings of the committees of the Directors of the company are also to be included Redeemable Preference Shares Preference Shares are those shares the holders of which have some preferential rights over other shareholders when it comes to taking decisions for the company. The Preference Shareholders are paid dividend by the company in the entire process. The company gives the Preference Share Holders certain rights over the company which has not been provided to the Equity Share Holders of the said company. In a company the preference shareholders have been given the basic right of taking part in the excess profits that the company has earned. Along with this the Preference Share Holders, when the shares are being redeemed, have been given the right to participate in the Premium. A company has many preference shareholders. Such a company has all the rights with the help of which the shareholders will obtain all the preferential rights. Thus, no bifurcation of any type shall be taking place between any of the shareholders of the company. The company shall have the above mentioned rights involved with the preference shares that have been mentioned above. All such rights shall be made available to the Preference Share Holders of the company. So we can say that the Preference Share Holders of the company definitely have certain rights over its profits References Austliieduau.(2016).Austliieduau.Retrieved13 May, 2017,from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s169.html Erik runyon | weedygardennet.(2017).Uciedu.Retrieved13 May, 2017,from https://www.law.uci.edu/campus-life/student-organizations/registration/sample-constitution.html Howtolawco.(2017).Howtolawco.Retrieved13 May, 2017,from https://www.howtolaw.co/draft-a-company-constitution-392134 Reckoncom.(2016).Reckoncom.Retrieved13 May, 2017,from https://www.reckon.com/docs/default-source/docs-forms/company-(pty-ltd)-constitution.pdf?sfvrsn=2